Japan
15.5 cm/60 (6.1") 3rd Year Type
Updated 03 September 2012

Developed as a Dual Purpose gun for the Mogami class cruisers, these guns were later removed from those ships and replaced with 20 cm (8") No. 2 guns when they were reconstructed in the late 1930s.  The turrets were then used on the Yamato class battleships and the Oyodo class light cruisers as well as in coastal batteries.

The slow rate of fire and limited elevation of these guns made them unsuitable for the AA role, but they were an excellent anti-ship weapon.

In an effort to reduce dispersion, turrets 3 and 4 on the Mogami class "were integrated with the superstructure deck.  This arrangement subjected the barbettes to powerful internal stresses, which at times caused the turrets to jam.  For example, during the official gun trials of Mogami, turrets [3] and [4] could not be trained.  It eventually proved possible to solve this problem by simply improving the method of fixing the barbette structure to the ship's hull." - Hans Lengerer in "Warship Volume VII" article.  These modifications resulted in considerably tighter patterns than those achieved by the 20 cm cruisers.

A triple turret was mounted at Kure and another at Sasebo for AA purposes and two guns on single mountings were used for coastal defense in the Tokyo area.

Construction was of the monobloc type with autofretting and used a Welin breech-block mechanism which could be operated either hydraulically or by hand.  A total of approximately 80 guns were manufactured at Kure.

WNJAP_61-60_3ns_Mogami_pic.jpg

Cruiser Mogami in 1939 prior to reconstruction

WNJAP_18-45_t94_Yamato_construction_pic.jpg

Battleship Yamato under construction in September 1941
Note that the 15.5 cm (6.1") mounting was superfiring over the 46 cm (18.1") mounting and that the guns were individually sleeved
U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph # NH 63433

WNJAP_61-60_3ns_mount_sketch_pic.jpg

Triple 15.5 cm Mounting
Sketch from "US Naval Technical Mission to Japan report O-47(N)-1:  Japanese Naval Guns and Mounts-Article 1, Mounts Under 18"

WNJAP_61-60_3ns_Type_0_pic.jpg

Type 0 Common Projectile

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Gun Characteristics
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Designation 15.5 cm/60 (6.1") 3rd Year Type (Model 1914)
Ship Class Used On Mogami class (replaced 1939 to 1940)
Planned for the Tone class
Reused on the Yamato and Oyodo classes
Date Of Design 1930 (breech design dated from 1914)
Date In Service 1935
Gun Weight 12.5 tons (12.7 mt)
Gun Length oa 378.5 in (9.615 m)
Bore Length 366.1 in (9.300 m)
Rifling Length 315.9 in (8.025 m)
Grooves (40) 0.710 in deep x 0.296 in (1.80 mm x 7.514 mm)
Lands 0.183 in (4.66 mm)
Twist Uniform RH 1 in 28
Chamber Volume 2,319 in3 (38.0 dm3)
Rate Of Fire
(see Note)
5 - 6 rounds per minute
Note:  The theoretical rate of fire was 7 rounds per minute, but this was not achieved in practice.  The shell hoists could supply a maximum of six rounds per minute but the powder hoists could supply no more than five bags per minute.  "Naval Weapons of World War Two" says that "the rate of fire did not exceed five rounds a minute."
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Ammunition
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Type Bag
Projectile Types and Weights AP Type 91 - 123.2 lbs. (55.87 kg)
Common Type 0 HE - 123.2 lbs. (55.87 kg)
Illum - 123.2 lbs. (55.87 kg)
Bursting Charge AP Type 91 - 2.5 lbs. (1.15 kg)
Common Type 0 HE - 6.8 lbs. (3.1 kg)
Projectile Length AP Type 91 - 26.7 in (67.8 cm)
Common Type 0 HE - 25.6 in (65.0 cm)
Illum - 25.6 in (65 cm)
Propellant Charge Standard charge:  43.0 lbs. (19.5 kg) 36 DC2
Reduced charge:  27.1 lbs. (12.3 kg) 50 DC2
Muzzle Velocity AP and HE:  3,018 - 3,035 fps (920 - 925 mps)
Illum:  2,461 fps (750 mps)
Working Pressure 21.5 tons/in2 (3,400 kg/cm2)
Approximate Barrel Life 250 - 300 Rounds
Ammunition stowage per gun 150 rounds
Notes:

1) The propellant charge was in one bag with a 2.6 oz (75 gm) black powder igniter.

2) The muzzle velocity is occasionally quoted as high as 3,215 fps (980 mps), but Japanese sources give the lower values used above.  Even at these lower values, the barrel life was quite short.

3) During maneuvers in August 1938 Mikuma fired several salvos at about 21,870 yards (20,000 m) and achieved a mean dispersion of about 304 yards (278 m), much tighter than the patterns achieved by the "A" cruisers armed with 20 cm/50 (8") Type No. 2 guns.

4) Illumination rounds were rated at 950,000 candle power and had a maximum range of 23,600 yards (21,580 m).

5) Type 91 shells were all 6 / [infinity] crh with boat tail and two copper driving bands.  The diameter of the bourrelet was 6.07 in (15.418 cm).  These 15.5 cm (6.1") Type 91 shells were not true "APC" projectiles as they lacked a cap, having only a cap head and windshield.  Weight of cap head and windshield is not available.  There were true APC projectiles, designated as Type 91 Mod 1, but these were used only for armor penetration experiments and were not in service.

6) It is reported in US Naval Technical Mission to Japan report O-19 that Type 91 AP projectiles for these guns had not been in production since about 1935 as the conversion of the Mogami class cruisers had left large stocks on hand.  Although O-19 seems to state that AP projectiles were not carried by capital ships, the Yamato's ammunition expenditure log for 24 - 26 October 1944 shows that she expended 127 rounds of Type 91 AP during that time along with 383 Type 0 Common rounds.

7) Besides the those listed above, there were also Exercise training rounds along with a lighter charge of 30 DC propellant (weight unavailable) for firing it.

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Range
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Elevation
With 123 lbs. (55.87 kg) AP Shell
Striking Velocity
Angle of Fall
2.3 degrees
5,470 yards (5,000 m)
2,175 fps (663 mps)
3.0
5.4 degrees
10,940 yards (10,000 m)
1,526 fps (465 mps)
7.7
11.2 degrees
16,400 yards (15,000 m)
1,115 fps (340 mps)
16.5
20 degrees
21,870 yards (20,000 m)
1,050 fps (320 mps)
33.0
35 degrees
27,340 yards (25,000 m)
1,148 fps (350 mps)
56.0
45 degrees
29,965 yards (27,400 m)
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55 degrees
27,340 yards (25,000 m)
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AA Ceiling
45 degrees
31,330 feet (9,500 m)
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AA Ceiling
55 degrees
39,370 feet (12,000 m)
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AA Ceiling
75 degrees
59,050 feet (18,000 m)
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Notes:

1) The illumination round had a maximum range of 23,600 yards (21,600 m).

2) The AA Ceiling figure for 75 degrees quoted above is a theoretical value based upon the original mounting design.

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Armor Penetration with 123 lbs. (55.87 kg) AP Shell
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Range
Side Armor
Deck Armor
Striking Velocity
Angle of Fall
16,400 yards (15,000 m)
4.2" (108 mm)
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2,224 fps (678 mps)
60
21,870 yards (20,000 m)
3.9" (100 mm)
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Note:  This data is from "Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War" and refers to NVNC plate.
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Mount / Turret Data
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Designation Three-gun turrets
   Mogami (5), Tone (4), Yamato (4) and Oyodo (2):  N/A (possibly "Mogami Model")
Weight
(see Note 6)
About 177 tons (180 mt)
Elevation Naval Turrets:  -7 / +55 degrees
Coast Defense Single Mountings:  -5 (?) / +60 degrees
Elevation Rate
(see Note 3)
10 degrees per second
Train About +150 / -150 degrees
Train Rate 5 - 6 degrees per second
Gun recoil N/A
Loading Angle +7 degrees
Notes:

1) These mountings generally resembled the 20 cm (8") twin mount adapted for holding three guns.  To reduce lateral spacing, the breech for the center gun opened upwards at a 45 degree angle, the weight being balanced by springs.  These mountings were originally intended to have a +75 degree maximum elevation for AA fire, but analysis showed that their slow elevation and depression speeds with a fixed angle loading system coupled with the inefficient hoist supply would have meant that the firing rate would be too low to be effective.  In addition, this high an elevation would have resulted in somewhat delicate recoil and elevating mechanisms, similar to the problems found with the 20 cm (8") mountings.  For these reasons, the final design limited elevation to +55 degrees.

2) These mountings were operated by electro-hydraulic pressure with mineral oil used as the pressure medium.  Each mounting had two 100 hp electric motors, each driving a hydraulic pump located outside of the turret in order to reduce noise.  Normally, one motor was in use while the other was in standby.  Each gun had its own shell hoist and powder hoist.  Projectiles were brought from the shell rooms to a circular track around the base of the revolving structure and then placed into pusher shell hoists that delivered them directly to the gunhouse at a rate of six a minute.  The shell hoists came up to the right of the left gun breech and to the left of the other two guns.  Powder bags were brought from the magazines through flashtight drums into a powder handling room.  The bags were then delivered through double flashtight doors to bucket hoists similar in design to those for the 20 cm mountings.  These bags were delivered at a rate of five per minute to the gunhouse.  Hoists were hydraulically powered by the ring main.  Projectiles were hydraulically rammed first, and then the powder bags were manually loaded into the breech and then hydraulically rammed.  Ready-use AA shells were stowed in the rear of the gunhouse.

3) Guns were individually sleeved.  It had originally been planned that the elevation rate would be 16 degrees per minute to aid in AA fire but this was reduced to 10 degrees per minute in service.

4) Complement per mounting was twenty-four officers and men in the gunhouse, seven men in the shell room and ten men in the powder room.

5) The Yamato and Musashi had their two amidships mounts removed in 1944.  Yamato had these replaced with twelve additional 12.7 cm/40 (5") AA guns.  It had been planned that Musashi would be similarly rearmed, but the additional 12.7 cm mountings were not available prior to her loss.

6) The weight figure above is for mountings without rangefinders.  Weight with rangefinders is not available, but I would estimate that these would have added about 5 tons (5.1 mt) to the mounting.

7) Thin steel lagging used around most of the gunhouse provided about a 10 cm (3.9 in) air space which shaded the mount for tropical service.

8) The gun axes were 61 in (155 cm) apart.

9) The Yamato and Oyodo classes reused the mountings removed from the Mogami class.  The 15.5 cm turrets removed from Mogami during her conversion were found after the war in a warehouse on Eta Jima.

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Data from
"Naval Weapons of World War Two" by John Campbell
"Battleships:  Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II" by W.H. Garzke, Jr. and R.O. Dulin, Jr.
"The Japanese Ships of the Pacific War" by The Koku-Fan
"Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War" by Eric Lacroix and Linton Wells II
"The Japanese Super Battleship Strategy" article by Hans Lengerer in "Warship Volume VII"
"Cruisers of World War Two" by M.J. Whitley
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US Naval Technical Mission to Japan report O-19:  Japanese Projectiles General Types
US Naval Technical Mission to Japan report O-47(N)-1:  Japanese Naval Guns and Mounts-Article 1, Mounts Under 18"
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Yamato Ammunition Expenditure Log for 24 - 26 October 1944
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Special Help by Rob Lundgren
Page History

09 October 2006 - Benchmark
15 June 2010 - Added picture of Type 0 Common projectile
28 November 2011 - Added information for AP projectiles on Yamato class
27 May 2012 - Updated to latest template
03 September 2012 - Added ammunition and mounting information