问一下苏联“里加”50型护卫舰的火控雷达
本帖最后由 skysword2000 于 2023-10-12 17:26 编辑在网上自媒体看到该护卫舰的火控雷达作用距离是18海里（33.75公里）时大吃一惊，这都远远超出其B-34USMA-1主炮（顺便问一下，我国6601的61式100主炮是带火控自动遥控版的B-34USMA，还是人操版的老式B－34）的22公里最大射程了，苏联的火控雷达性能都这么过剩了。之前服役的68Bis巡洋舰B－38型152主炮的火控雷达作用距离才15公里左右，浪费了其采用磕药炮技术换得的30公里最大射程优势，后面有升级换装火控雷达么？
为防自媒体发明真相，又去查了一下实体书，还真在一本老书上翻出50型火控雷达作用距离180链，波长10CM。有点不明白，毛子这是什么脑回路，为毛要搞出一款超出主炮射程的火控雷达，还是当时降低雷达作用距离（功率和重量）换取提高火控精度的技术门槛太高？
火控雷达最大作用距离大过火炮最大射程没什么问题，当然精度是会随着距离远近和目标大小变化的。苏联在二战末期已正式取得英美的S波段(7.5 - 15cm)雷达并加以仿制，1950年代开发出180链作用距离的火控雷达是能行的。Sfera 50火控系统应该是用Yakor系列火控雷达，如果天线够高和目标够大，180链会起作用。但作用距离不代表火控锁定，比如大米CA/CL上通用的Mk 8型，对同型舰探知距离5万码，锁定距离4万码，同样远超其主炮射程。
68bis的15千米作用距离如果无误，应该是仿制英国早期的L波段雷达针对中小型舰的性能，以后换更好的自产火控雷达很正常。指挥仪式的火控系统是由指挥、感测、计算、瞄准等多个子系统构成的，火控雷达和光学仪器只是单纯的感测设备，更换它们不须改动其他子系统。 1. 50型装备Якорь-М火控雷达是因为一些苏联巡洋舰、驱逐舰和护卫舰在当时通用了这种火控雷达，例如用于68bis型的152毫米炮（以替换旧式雷达）和驱逐舰的130毫米炮，而不是因为这种雷达专门为Б-34型100毫米炮而设计。
2. 6601型的主炮就是Б-34-УСМА，没有所谓的61式100毫米炮。
3. 波长10cm似有误，应为3cm。 核潜艇艇长RRS 发表于 2023-10-13 00:05
1. 50型装备Якорь-М火控雷达是因为一些苏联巡洋舰、驱逐舰和护卫舰在当时通用了这种火控雷达，例如用 ...
用俄文关键词在网上搜了半天，终于找到一个俄文网页里简单提了一句，锚-M火控雷达是3CM波长。看来家里那本老书上的错误不少。
这款雷达的精度如何，能达到美国MK13的水平么？
另外，关于苏联雷达的介绍有相关网站和书籍可推荐么。网上这方面几乎是信息空白，不象英美二战雷达通过战舰游戏在网上广为传播，相关信息在网上多少能查到一点。 Якорь/Yakor/锚的北约编号是Sun-Visor，认为其波长为H波段（北约定义3.75 - 5cm）。 在俄文网站上查到68K雷达火控：
1 Guiouïs-2 air surveillance radar
1 Guiouïs air surveillance radar
2 Rif surveillance radars
2 Zalp ("Top Bow") fire control radars for MK-5bis turrets
2 Yakor Fire Control Radars for SM-5-1 Turrets
1 Tamir-5N sonar
1 Fakel-MO/MZ IFF system
68Bis:
1 x Rif-A surveillance radar
1 Don Navigation Radar
1 Molniya ATs-68bis-A firing control unit for MK-5bis turrets
2 Zalp-M2 fire control radars for MK-5bis turrets
2 Zenit-68bis-A firing control units for SM-5-1bis turrets
2 Yakor-2M fire control radars for SM-5-1bis turrets
1 Tamir-5M keel sonar
英文网站上查到的68A:
1x 'Top Trough' air search radar - don't have the designation for that
1x 'High Sieve' or 'Low Sieve' air search radar - Ryf-1M or 2M
1x 'Knife Rest' air search radar - P-8
1x 'Slim Net' air search radar - Fut-N
1x 'Don-2' or 'Neptune' navigational radar -
2x 'Sun Visor' gun fire control radars - Yakor-2M
2x 'Top Bow' 152mm gun fire control radars -
4x 'Drum tilt' gun fire control radars - MR-104 Rys
2x 'Watch Dog' ECM systems - Bizan
50型武器火控
The ship was equipped with three 100 mm guns of the B-34USMA type. The aiming of these artillery mounts was carried out automatically using remote control, as well as manually. It was the first domestic universal gun mount with automatic remote guidance from a rangefinder post (Sfera-50 fire control system). There were no serious remarks to them, but it was found that the guide tray deflected during operation, and the sleeve deflector did not always ensure free fall of the sleeves. To control the firing of 100 mm artillery, a stabilized SVP-42-50 sighting post was installed, combined with the antenna of the Yakor radar, whose range against a sea target was 180 kb, and against an air target - up to 165 kb. The twin-tube torpedo tube installed on the ship was designed to fire only direct-speed steam-gas torpedoes of types 53-38, 53-39, 53-ZEU, 53-51. New radio equipment was installed: the Lin surface target detection radar, which could detect low-flying aircraft, and the Pegas-2 sonar station, which, at a speed of about 20 knots, was capable of detecting a submarine at periscope depth at a range of 14 knots, and an anchor mine at 7 knots (with a minimum requirement of 3 knots).
The B-34-USMA artillery mounts were guided Automatically, by remote control and manually. The range of fire on the horizon was 121.0 kb, altitude reach 15000 m. Beginner The projectile velocity reached 900 m/s, l rate of fire - 15 rds/min and 220 rounds of ammunition per barrel. (20 in the fenders of the first shots).
A system was used to control their firing Sfera-50 fire control system with remote control system SSSP-50 Stabilized Sight Control SVP-42-50 post, with ASP-50 power aiming, Gyro stabilization "Component". Post SVP-42-50, combined with the antenna post of the Yakor radar, was located on the roof of the navigator's cabin at a height 14.5 m from the waterline. Optical Range The rangefinder for a sea target reached 126 kB. Range Actions of the Yakor radar against a sea target - 180 kb, and over air up to 165 kb. Outcomes tests showed that the SVP-42-50 reliably provided aiming of guns at sea and air targets. However, the quick search and acquisition of an air target is a scheme Target designation by the duration of working hours The PUS (34-40 s) did not provide.
New in the ship's radio armament was the adoption of surface detection radar targets of the Lin-type radar, which could detect low-flying aircraft and sonar Pegas-2 station. At speed At a speed of about 20 knots, she could detect submarines. which was at periscope depth at a range of 14 kb. and anchor Mines and minefields - 7 KB (according to technical specifications) - 3 KB).
Almost all Project 50 vessels were modernized in 1959-1960, being equipped with new weapons: the MBU-200 bomb launcher was replaced by two RBU-2500s, the two-tube torpedo tube was replaced by the three-tube TTA-53-50 for firing homing anti-submarine torpedoes, and the Pegas-2 sonar was replaced by the Pegas-3M. The Yakor fire control radar as part of the SVP-42-50 was replaced by the Yakor M2 radar, the Lin radar by the Neptune-M radar, and the Guys-1M4 radar by the Fut-N radar. In connection with the changes in the armament, the components of the load also changed: in order to maintain stability at a given level, it was necessary to place solid ballast. skysword2000 发表于 2023-10-16 02:13
50型武器火控
The ship was equipped with three 100 mm guns of the B-34USMA type. The aiming of these...
球-50型指挥仪课本
https://www.warships.com.cn/thread-7892-1-1.html
(出处: 战列舰)
50型警戒舰（里加级护卫舰）上火炮装置的射击指挥由带有СССП-50型远程遥控系统的“球体-50”射击指挥仪系统、带有АСП-50型动力瞄准机构的СВП-42-50型稳定瞄准镜部位和“组件-50”陀螺方位水平仪共同实施保障，СВП-42-50型稳定瞄准镜部位安装在距水线高14.5米的航海桥楼上，内置3米基线长的ДМС-3型测距仪和“锚”射击指挥雷达。由于观瞄系统采用了稳定瞄准设计，尽管舰上配置的Б-34УМ-А型100毫米高平两用火炮装置并没有像41/56型驱逐舰（塔林/科特林级）装备的СМ-2-1型双联装130毫米火炮装置那样采用三轴稳定设计，其依然获得了等同于后者的工作平稳度。尔后在СВП-42-50型稳定瞄准镜部位的基础上，还衍生出了配置在航天测量船和浮动基地船上的АПЧ-9（代号“卡马河”）、ТПЧТ-10（代号“综合体”）、АПЧ-19/АПЧ-19А/ТПЧ-20（代号“企鹅”）等型号的无线电遥测—光学稳定部位。
“锚”系列炮瞄雷达被北约方面命名为“遮阳帽”（Sun Visor），其主要功能是为舰载中口径火炮提供目标的距离和方位数据，并在苏联海军历史上首次实现了在三维坐标上对空中目标进行自动跟踪，使配套的舰炮能够充分发挥其对海和对空射击的能力。该炮瞄雷达的波长为3厘米，对水面目标的作用距离为150~180链（27~33千米），对空中目标的作用距离则为30~160链（约合5.6~29.6千米）。
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