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本帖最后由 巴掌 于 2011-8-15 12:53 编辑
是强力甲板无误。
出处:http://is-expl.com/e/2
Graf Zeppelin's hull was divided into 19 watertight compartments, the standard division for all capital ships in the Kriegsmarine.[6] Her belt armor varied from 100 mm (3.9 in) over the machinery spaces and aft magazines, to 60 mm (2.4 in) over the forward magazines and tapered down to 30 mm (1.2 in) at the bows. Stern armor was kept at 80 mm (3.1 in) to protect the steering gear. Inboard of the main armor belt was a 20 mm (0.79 in) anti-torpedo bulkhead.[7]
Graf Zeppelin at Kiel, June 1940, displaying her newly rebuilt bow. Notice that the photo is marked Secret (Geheim).Horizontal armor protection against aerial bombs and plunging shellfire started with the flight deck, which acted as the main strength deck. The armor was generally 20 mm (0.79 in) thick except for those areas around the elevator shafts and funnel uptakes where thickness increased to 40 mm (1.6 in) in order to give the elevators necessary structural strength and the critical uptakes greater splinter protection.[7] Beneath the lower hangar was the main armored deck (or tween deck) where armor thickness varied from 60 mm (2.4 in) over the magazines to 40 mm (1.6 in) over the machinery spaces. Along the peripheries, it formed a 45 degree slope where it joined the lower portion of the waterline belt armor.[7]
Graf Zeppelin's original length-to-beam ratio was 9.26:1, resulting in a slender silhouette. However, in May 1942, the accumulating top-weight of recent design changes required the addition of deep bulges to either side of her hull, decreasing that ratio to 8.33:1 and giving her the widest beam of any carrier designed prior to 1942.[8] The bulges served mainly to improve Graf Zeppelin's stability but they also gave her an added degree of anti-torpedo protection and increased her operating range because selected compartments were designed to store approximately 1500 tons more fuel oil.[9]
Graf Zeppelin's straight-stemmed prow was rebuilt in early 1940 with the addition of a more sharply angled "Atlantic prow", intended to improve overall seakeeping. This added 5.2 m (17 ft) to her overall length.
除了白纸黑字的英文解说以外,强力甲板与船楼的结构形式差异巨大,有经验的人从图纸上一眼就可以看出来。
下图是强力飞行甲板的齐柏林舯剖面,可以看出从飞行甲板到舰底的结构骨架粗细是连贯没有突变的。这说明整个剖面都在同一个刚度均衡的受力体系内,在承受形变荷载时,体系边缘的结构部件位移最大,所以必然是“强力甲板”和“强力船壳”。位于体系中间的板和梁,在常态下不承受力,只是起到加强结构系统的作用,称为“零板”和“零杆”。穹甲上下的结构骨架尺度是一样的,所以穹甲不是强力甲板,只是加强结构强度的零板。
下图是船楼式机库的赤城号舯剖面,可以看到主装甲甲板上下的结构发生了突变,完全是两个受力体系。该船的强力甲板就是主装甲甲板,和齐柏林完全是两回事。在舰体承受形变荷载时,上部的船楼位移虽然比主甲板更大,但它的刚度远小于舰体,所以对抗形变荷载的强力甲板就会由主装甲甲板充当。也就是说,想要露天甲板不成为强力甲板,船楼就得大幅度减小刚度。如果没有减小,露天甲板就不可避免的成为强力甲板。这不以设计师的“定义”为转移,而是在具象的设计文件中就已经客观存在。科京看了图纸和照片,感觉齐柏林的飞行甲板参与了结构,就脑补“只是参与结构,和强力甲板是两回事”,但他不知道,一旦参与了结构,又位于结构系统的边缘,就是强力甲板,否则就无法参与结构。至于他说齐柏林的飞行甲板没有“纵贯整个舰体长度,所以无法作为强力甲板”也是脑补的,实际上只需要纵贯整个主结构系统,而不需要纵贯全舰,因为很多舰艇的首尾都不在主结构内。从这些可以看出科京之流只是在背诵教条,自己并不理解,尤其缺乏作为大型工程项目主创人和技术负责人的工作经验,而读解和评价这些复杂的机械系统,客观上又需要这样的经验,光有技工、施工员、制图员的经验是不够的。
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