转 二战保加利亚空军简史

绫波丽

这是保加利亚人写的的一篇文章，介绍了其空军在二战的简单情况，翻译了一下，供参考


1941年3月2日，保加利亚加入了二战德国一边；同时依旧保持与苏联的和平共处。即便是英国皇家空军对保加利亚城镇的空袭行动。直到1943年，当越来越多的城镇遭到空袭，才采取了相应的行动。
1943年初，空军接收了16架Me-109 G-2战斗机.；从被占领的法国，德国提供了100架德瓦丁520战斗机。
Me-109战斗机

1943年8月1日，B－24轰炸机编队通过保加利亚领空去轰炸罗马尼亚油田，“波浪”行动的目的就是通过轰炸使德军失去汽油供应。当轰炸机编队返航临近索非亚时，战斗机Avia 534成为保加利亚空军第一架拦截这种重型轰炸机的飞机。当轰炸机到达Ferdinand上空时， (现名 Montana)空军中尉Stoian Stoianov率领4架Me-109G  战斗机对18架B－24轰炸机发起了攻击，战斗中自己击落2架，整个中队击落3架。这些战果毫无意义，因为返航的小编队轰炸机没有任何机会去与战斗机对抗。
最初，美军轰炸机没有派出战斗机护航，但不就就开始派出P－38“闪电”战斗机护航，随后又排除了P－47“雷电”和P－51“野马”进行护航。
1943年末到1944年初的“空白点”行动，行动目的是通过战略轰炸使保加利亚投降－不过这件事没有发生，在行动中，99％的伤亡是平民。
1943年12月20日，50架B－24轰炸机和100多架P－38战斗机多批次对索非亚进行了空袭。保加利亚防御首都的空军力量有36架德瓦丁－520和20架Me-109 G-2 战斗机。空战异常激烈，空军中尉Dimitar Spisarevski在击落1架轰炸机后与另一架B－24撞毁在一起。这是对保加利亚的第一次空袭，Spisarevski虽然阵亡，但却成为一位名人。

1944年4月17日上午11点35分，空袭警报再次响起。350架B－17轰炸机和100架P－47及P－51战斗机分成4个编队进行轰炸，而此时防空情报犯了一个大错误－没有及时通报B－17的护航战斗机已经换成单座的P－47与P－51战斗机，并非早先的双座P－38战斗机。我们从2个机场进行拦截的飞机将他们误认为是自己飞机。等到发现这个错误后已经太晚了－6架战斗机被击落、10架战斗机被击伤，3名飞行员阵亡，4月17日这天被称为“黑暗之日”。尽管如此，我们的飞行员们依旧击落了3架空中堡垒。空军中尉Nedeltcho Bontchev对1架空中堡垒实施了空中撞击，轰炸机被撞落，飞行员被爆炸气浪弹出但通过降落伞得以生存。同一天，4架战斗教练机Avia B-135（仅装备2挺7.92毫米机枪）被击落；他们同样奋起反击，击落了1架轰炸机。
保加利亚飞行员
敌军飞机同样受到地面防空炮火的打击，这就是为什么不是所有轰炸机都能顺利在索非亚投下炸彈，他们将炸彈投在了索非亚周围或者一些小城镇。
战争中保加利亚击落敌机117架，许多4发的轰炸机由于被击伤未能返回在意大利的机场。我们一共俘虏了329名美国和英国飞行员，另有200名飞行员阵亡。
1944年9月8－9日苏联红军到达保加利亚，政变使得保加利亚从此断绝与第三帝国的关系。
Bf-109a

从1944年9月9日开始，保加利亚空军开始对德军作战。
为了打击在15步兵师周围的德军，需要制止Ju-87 a和Do-17的空中行动，而最佳办法就是将他们击毁在地面。由空军中尉Damev带领3架Me-109 G-6战斗机负责次任务。此次行动很成功，在Nish机场的6架德国战斗机被毁，不幸的是我们损失1架飞机。
保加利亚空军积极与陆军配合打击德国军队，飞行员们拥有空战的经验但缺乏攻击地面目标的经验，因而有18名飞行员牺牲。
当然重大代价背后还是有一定成绩，德军在Prishtina的机场遭到攻击，所有敌机被击毁。
Bf-109G6
从1944年9月9日到12月2日，空军一共出动3744架次，击毁德军飞机25架以及85个炮兵阵地、694辆军车、23辆机车、496辆辎重车、11个火车站等。
二战结束后，保加利亚得到了许多德军的飞机，但执政的保加利亚ＧＣ党决定所有空军飞机应该装备苏联生产的，因而这些德国飞机全被破坏。
Do-17

原文如下
On 2 March 1941 Bulgaria was involved in the Second World War of the German’s side. However, Bulgaria retained peaceful attitude to USSR.
     Even before the involvement of Bulgaria in the WWII the British RAF (Royal Air Force) bombed the Bulgarian settlements.     Until 1943 the bombing over Bulgarian territory were not very intensive - single planes bomb some of the towns and the villages as they drop bombs and bomb-toys.
       In the beginning of 1943 arrived the first 16  Messerschmitt Me-109 G-2. From the invaded France, Germany sent 100 fighters  Dewoitine De-520.      On 1 August 1943 the formation  B-24 Liberator  past above Bulgaria to bomb the Rumanian petrol fields. The "Tidal Wave" operation began with the aim to stop the petrol delivery for the German army. The fighters Avia 534 were the first Bulgarian planes that attacked this heavy armored bombers. On their way back from Rumania B-24 came near Sofia. Four fighters Messerschmitt Me-109G   leaded from lieutenant Stoian Stoianov attack 18 B-24 above the town of Ferdinand (today Montana). In the fight the lieutenant Stoianov took down two bombers and the rest of them managed to took down totally three. This victories did not mean anything. Coming back in small groups the bombers did not had any chances against the Messershmitt.
Initially the American bombers were not followed from the fighters, but soon they were covered from the fighters concealing from  P-38 Lightning. Latter the escorting fighters were  P-47 Thunderbolt  and  P-51 Mustang.
     In the end of 1943 and the beginning of 1944 began the operation "Point Blank" - with the aim by air terror Bulgaria to surrender - however this did not happened. In this operation died 99% civils.     On 20 December 1943 several waves from 50 B-24 and more than 100 fighters P-38 attacked Sofia. For the defence of the capital 36 Dewoitine De-520 and 20 Messerschmitt Me-109 G-2 took off. In a ferocious combat happened something unheard of - lieutenant Dimitar Spisarevski after taking down one of the bombers had jostle in other Liberator and destroys it. This is the first air battering ram in Bulgaria. Spisarevski died, but he turned in to a legend.   
On 17 April 1944 at 11.35 a.m. was given alarm. Four waves of B-17 - totally 350 bombers, 100 fighters P-47 and P-51 flew in attack. But on this day happened a big mistake - the warning military service did not report that the guard of B-17 was not taken from the two-bodied P-38, but from the new - one- bodied P-47 and P-51. Our planes that took off from two airports thought that the enemy planes were ours. When they understood the mistake it was too late - six Bulgarian fighters were took down and 10 were damaged. Three of the pilots were killed. Seventeenth of April was called "The Black day". Regardless of that fact our fighters managed to took down three Flying Fortress. Lieutenant Nedeltcho Bontchev made air ram to one of the flying fortress. The bomber was taken down and the lieutenant was thrown from the explosion but manages to save himself with the parachute. On the same day four educative fighters Avia B-135 took off (armed only with two 7.92 mm machine guns). They attack the enemy and took down one bomber.
     The enemy planes were fired bitterly also from the artillery. That is why not all of the bombers managed to bomb Sofia. They threw the bombs over the Sofia plain or over small towns.
On the Bulgarian territory had fallen 117 enemy planes. Many from the damaged four-engined bombers did not return to their Italian bases. There were captured 329 American and British pilots and about 200 died over Bulgaria.
The Red Army arrived to the Bulgarian border and on 8 to 9 September 1944 was committed a coup. With the coming of the Fatherland front Bulgaria broke off its relations with the Third Reich.
After 9 September 1944 the Bulgarian aviation began to advance against the German army.
For unblocking of the 15th Infantry division that was left in the German rear, was given an order to be used storm Junkers Ju-87 and Do-17. For the safety of our bombers from the German fighters was necessary they to be destroyed on the ground. This mission was took up from three Messerschmitt Me-109 G-6 leaded by lieutenant Damev. The task was completed and on the airport Nish were destroyed 6 German fighters Messeschmitt. Unfortunately one of our planes was took down.
     The Bulgarian aviation actively cooperated with the army to beat off the German army. The Bulgarian pilots had considerable experience in air fighting, collected when they defend the Bulgarian territory. But they were not that experienced in attacking the ground objects - so 18 pilots had been killed.
The German airport in Prishtina also was attacked and all planes were destroyed.
     From 9 September to 2 December 1944 were accomplished 3744 battle flights. Twenty five German planes were destroyed, 85 artillery batteries, 694 military vehicles, 23 locomotives, 496 carriages, 11 railway stations and others.
After the WWII Bulgaria received a lot of trophy German planes, but the Bulgarian Communist Party (- that ruled Bulgaria after 9 September 1944) decided that the aviation must be armed with Soviet planes. That is why all German planes were destroyed.

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