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上部装甲带出现的历史并不长，据说上部装甲带出现的早期主要是为了防御中口径速射炮和大口径炮的榴弹。到了无畏舰时代以后，按照某些观点，中等厚度的上部装甲带（比如6寸级别的）是鸡肋，更有激进的观点认为设置上部装甲带是脑残。但是，在鄙人最近翻译日德兰战斗分析一文的时候，却发现中等厚度的上部装甲带并不是向某些观点所称的那么不堪。综合战史中的记载来看，中等厚度上部装甲带在面对大口径弹的情况下，有如下作用：
1， 开启大口径穿甲弹引信，使得其在接触主水平装甲或炮座烟道等要害位置之前爆炸；
2， 肢解大口径穿甲弹（撕裂其被帽或导致蛋碎），使得其丧失部分穿甲威力；
3， 在命中角度较大或距离较远的情况下，顶住或弹开大口径炮弹。
对于观点1的支持案例：日德兰海战，厌战号，其原文如下：
From starboard side. Angle of descent 5-10°. This shell struck the 6in side armour, a little below the upper deck and just forward of the foremost 6in gun, at an angle of 10-12° to the plate normal. It pierced the armour, making a clean hole of cl2in diameter, though the framing held, and burst 6ft from impact with considerable damage to light structure. The 1.25in upper deck was holed in two places, and the 3/8in main deck riddled below the burst. One large fragment was driven down through the main deck, and another came to rest in the magazine flooding cabinet 30ft from the explosion. The effect of the burst and fragments went right across an athwartships gangway to the port side of the ship, wrecking the foremost magazine flooding cabinet (1/4in sides) and all ventilation trunks in the vicinity, as well as cutting voice pipes and fire-control cables.
我们看到一发落角在5-10度的12寸德国穿甲弹在穿透6寸上部装甲带之后又击穿了若干层壁板之后爆炸，显然是6寸上部装甲带引起引信动作。此时炮弹的杀伤就只能依靠爆炸之后所产生的碎片和冲击波本身了，换句话说，只要上部装甲带以后的装甲能够防护住炮弹爆炸时产生的弹片，这枚炮弹的杀伤力就被降到了最低。不过，从上述记录看来，区区30-40毫米的装甲不足以抵挡12寸炮弹爆炸后的弹片冲击。
上部装甲带引爆大口径炮弹并非孤例，仅日德兰海战中上部装甲带引爆大口径穿甲弹的事件就有N起，且交战双方都有，这里就不再一一举例了。
对于观点2的支持案例：日德兰海战，厌战号，其原文如下：
Probably coming from forward, port side. Angle of descent 5-10°. This shell struck the 6in side armour at an angle of 15-20° to the plate normal, 4ft below the upper deck and about 5ft forward of `X' barbette. It pierced the armour making a l2in diameter hole and broke into two pieces without exploding. The larger part passed through 2-1/4In bulkheads and the ventilation trunk from the middle engine room and struck the 4in armour of `X' barbette, flaking off the surface to a maximum depth of 2-1/4in. It then holed the 3/8in main deck and came to rest well on the starboard side of the midships line in the engineer's workshop. The other piece passed through the 2-1/4in bulkheads and then through the main deck over the ventilation fan flat, also finishing in the engineers' workshop, where a disk of armour, supposed to be from the 6in side, was found. The main deck was badly damaged and as it was by then awash, the large hole over the ventilation fan flat allowed water to enter the flat and thence the middle engine-room.
这里我们看到，一发12寸弹在击穿6寸装甲之后发生解体，弹体分裂为两部分，却没有爆炸。但是由于上部装甲带其后水平装甲和垂直装甲厚度都过薄以至于不能抵挡分裂的弹体，所以还是造成了可观的损失。
对于这一事件，在宝剑前辈刊载于《战争史研究22期》的《从胡德的俊美到纳尔逊的憨壮》一文中也有提及，内容在此书88页之右下角，截图如下：
对于观点3的支持案例：多格尔沙洲，狮号，原文如下：
An 11 in shell burst on the Lion's 8in barbette armour with little damage, but 5-11 in struck Lion's 5-7in armour at 16-18,000yds and of these, four had pierced causing much damage, while the other had driven in 6in armour by up to 2.5 ft.
我们看到，一发11寸弹可能是由于角度和 距离的关系，并没能击穿6英寸的装甲而仅仅是让装甲变形，根据描述这是一个2.5英尺的坑。而在理论上，在较大偏角的情况下即使中等厚度装甲带也能抵挡住大口径炮弹已经为各种穿甲公式所证明，而舰炮的水平穿深较小也是对其从事实上的证明。
综上，中等厚度上部装甲带的存在即使在面对大口径炮弹也是颇有意义的，绝非鸡肋或是脑残之举。
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发表于 2012-10-4 13:32
发表于 2012-10-4 13:57
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