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本帖最后由 史东 于 2016-1-26 23:14 编辑
以下是1942年版《WARTIME INSTRUCTIONS FOR UNITED STATES MERCHANT VESSELS》的一部分，我先贴上，再细看。
Section 4. DARKENING SHIP2401. When in areas in which submarines, raiders, or aircraft are likely to be met, vessels are to be carefully darkened from sunset to sunrise, and are to proceed without navigational lights.
2402. Navigational lights are not to be exhibited except in areas explicitly designated by the routing instructions. When exhibited dimmed navigation lights consisting of sidelights visible 1 mile land a single masthead light visible 2 miles are to be shown.
2403. Arrangements are to be made by which the navigational lights can be shown temporarily in case of necessity. To enable this to be done effectively and with a minimum of danger, the following should be carried out:
- In ships fitted with electricity, circuits are to be so arranged as to permit the lights required being turned on or off together from the bridge.
- In ships fitted with oil lamps only, convenient shutters are to be fitted over the side lights so that these can be exhibited or obscured from the bridge; masthead light is to be kept obscured and ready to hoist and show temporarily.
- Suitable arrangements must be made to enable the chart to be consulted without showing a light outboard. Arrangements must also be made to provide a suitable shaded light for the compass, and any other bridge instruments having illuminated faces.
- A hand flashlight or blinker tube should be ready on the bridge at all times for emergency use.
2404. The thorough darkening of the ship from sunset to sunrise is of vital importance. It must be borne in mind that one light insufficiently screened or even the reflection of a light (particularly on white paint) will betray the presence of the vessel to any hostile craft.
2405. The main points which require particular attention are the following:
- All windows or ports of cabins, smoking rooms, lounges, alleyways, etc., which open onto the deck or the side of the ship, especially when situated on the promenade deck, are either to be fitted with shutters or have the glass painted over.
- Troop spaces, crew spaces, officers' quarters, and main stairway entrances from upper deck must have bulbs of low candlepower, only sufficient to give dim light and placed down near the deck so as not to give general illumination.
- Cabins, smoking rooms, etc., with doors opening directly onto the main decks, must have screens or curtains to form a "light lock."
- In the case of cabins, chart roms, etc., fitted with electric lights and opening directly onto the upper decks, switches that operate by closing of the doors, so that light cannot be switched on with the door open, are of great value.
- Engine room hatches, uptakes, etc., must be fitted with screens or battens to prevent any light from showing upward.
- All master switches should be rigged with preventers to insure against accidental illumination.
- In addition to the above, there shall be provided, if possible, an auxiliary or emergency electrical circuit operated form storage batteries, which will be available for use in the event of a casualty to the boiler or generators. The control switch for this circuit shall be on the bridge. This circuit shall be used to supply light, in emergency, to the following places: Troop and crew spaces, passageways in superstructure decks, engine rooms and fire rooms, radio room, boat lowering, and abandon ship stations.
2406. A patrol shall make constant rounds to insure that the orders regarding darkening are observed throughout the ship. For this purpose the patrol shall have free access to every compartment that can possibly show a light outboard or overhead.
2407. All unnecessary lights must always be kept switched off.
2408. Notices are to be kept posted in conspicuous places calling attention of the crew, passengers, and troops to the great danger of exposing lights.
2409. Before the ship leaves port, a careful inspection is to be made to see that all compartments have been made to comply with the above instructions. The ship should be darkened and an officer sent around her in a boat to ascertain whether or not lights can be seen from outboard. While this inspection is in progress a member of the crew should be detailed to inspect cabins, saloon entrances, etc., to insure that all cut-out switches and screening devices are in good order.
2410 Smoking shall not permitted on deck after dark. The glow of a cigarette is frequently visible for half a mile.
2411. The use of hand flashlights on open decks is forbidden. Before going to sea, all hand flashlights, except those specifically authorized by the master, shall be collected and locked up. This applies to passengers as well as to the crew of the vessel. As the fixed lighting system is liable to be put out of commission if the ship is damaged, electric hand flashlights should be stored in Emergency Light Boxes which should be secured to bulkheads at various convenient locations such as the engine and boiler rooms, on the bridge and in access passageways.
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发表于 2016-1-25 13:00
发表于 2016-1-25 13:21
发表于 2016-1-30 11:32
