登陆作战中LCI是怎么用的？

巨炮万岁

最近突然对LCI产生了兴趣，随之产生了一些疑问，主要是以下几个问题。

1，登陆行动中LCI需要搭载步兵航行多远？

2，步兵在LCI上呆在哪里，是否有专用运兵舱？

3，（如果有运兵舱的话）步兵的生活条件如何？

尤其是第三点，我把NavSource上LCI的图基本全翻了一遍，发现步兵几乎都在舰桥和艏楼之间的井型甲板（well deck）上。可是180的运载量甲板肯定是不够挤。


甲板空间就这么大，必然挤不下180个壮汉







按理来说，180人在船上应该是有运兵舱的，可是我始终没能找到运兵舱照片，船员舱室的照片倒是找到了……

mathewwu

早期是应英国短程航渡英法海峡的需要而设计的，没有卧舱，只有板凳。后来逐渐变成打杂艇，什么都干，就增加了许多设施，包括卧舱来提供特战与特业部队抢滩及作业之用。但小吨位及大长宽比的适航性限制其对非海员的运送距离。没有开口笑使其不适合做首波抢滩，但某些低强度登陆状况下也参与第一舟波。

鸡同鸭讲

中间的上层建筑里面是载员舱，那个井型甲板应该只是登陆前临时准备的区域...这里面LST应该是考虑跨洋运输和登陆兼顾的，LSM和LCI一开始应该是英国订单搞得跨海峡独立投送登陆舰，然后LST大量建造后LSM就形同鸡肋当运输船用了……再下一级就是LCT机械化登陆艇了，英国人比较早搞得，但是自己投送航程不足经常是被LST驮着跑到近海放下来用……然后就是专门为LST这些搭载了冲滩用的LCM和LCVP登陆艇了，一个投送单辆坦克，还有个投送一个排……

巨炮万岁

感谢马老和鸡同鸭讲二位相助，这几天我自己找了点资料。

关于LCI搭载步兵的航程，LCI35参加西西里岛登陆时，从Sousse出发，在Licata登陆【源】，这两地直线距离300多公里。虽然认为最多一两百英里，但是太平洋地区实际使用中可能经常打破这一极限。

Benches for troops were considered adequate for the few hours they would be aboard. However, all American LCIs had bunks installed for the troops as well as for the crew. Even so, these craft were not suitable for operations of more than one to two hundred miles at the most. As it turned out, in the Southwest Pacific, necessity required their almost continuous use in waters far distant from adequate shore or repair bases. -Vice Admiral Daniel E. Barbey, USN (Ret.) MacArthur’s Amphibious Navy: Seventh Amphibious Force Operations 1943-1945 (p. 19)

源 http://usslci.org/facts/

关于运兵舱，从我找到的LCI蓝图上看确实是有的

源 http://usslci.org/facts/
LCI一共安排了四个运兵舱，连引擎舱后面也要塞28个大头兵，“Lousy Crate Indeeds”果然不是白叫的……


源 https://www.galik.com/lci/lci14.htm
值得注意的是，虽然大头兵挤成了沙丁鱼罐头，但是带队军官可以住到主甲板上、操舵室下方的军官舱室。MESS要是都指餐厅的话，那这餐厅还挺大……

关于大头兵的运兵舱长什么样，我找到了一部军教片



四层帆布可收放简易床


源 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9BpM7Aehtc&t=629s
也许英国人不介意，起码美国人会给运兵舱安折叠床，不用时可以收起来，大头兵登船后可以把武器挂在床旁边。


保存至今的LCI-713上的运兵舱
源 https://pamplinmedia.com/rc/64-features/325472-203522-restoring-lci-713-one-day-at-a-time

最后感慨一下，美国人连LCI这种二战小船都有丰富是史料留存，甚至有完好保存原舰，实在是羡慕啊。
LCI-713博物馆 https://www.amphibiousforces.org/

mathewwu

我中六时有机会上一条LST出海，离岸不过10海里，前后两小时，多数来体验的学生都吐得死去活来。想想只有LST十分之一大小的LCI，当年那些乘坐它跨海突击的步兵，在翻腾一两天之后不知抢滩时还剩多少战力？

巨炮万岁

mathewwu 发表于 2020-8-14 11:34
我中六时有机会上一条LST出海，离岸不过10海里，前后两小时，多数来体验的学生都吐得死去活来。想想只有LST ...

LCI实在是太小了，从战后使用看，LST战后尚且可以做近海客货轮，LCI只能做渡船和内河船。

只有300吨的LCI进行部署时甚至要跨大西洋航行，八成的船员晕船。

参加登陆行动的大头兵晕船吐得厉害，确实影响了战斗意志。

From the War Diary of Commander Lorenzo Sherwood Sabin Jr., USN

This Task Group was the first group of American LCIs to cross the Atlantic Ocean departing the Virginia Capes on February 15th. The ocean crossing could only be described as a real "adventure" for the inexperienced crew where almost 80 percent of the officers and crew were seasick during the crossing. Commander Sabin was impressed with the "spirit and resourcefulness of the crew" during the crossing and now called them "sailormen" because they stick to it in adverse conditions.

Flotilla Two Commander Sabin's War Notes provided further elaboration on the crossing when he stated:



...So we went to sea. The lawyers, the bankers, the garage mechanics, the farmers, the salesmen, and me. In our little spitkits, we struck out boldly if not fearfully..." On the seasickness of the sailors he simply stated "They've got no guts left, these kids. They've spilled them all. But they've got what it takes. Fine spirit. Game guys. Big men in little ships. American youth, learning the hardest way of all, on the high seas in a spitkit through the war zone. They take it all in stride and somehow (God only knows) they manage to smile. Somehow, also...you go below feeling that's why we'll win this war. No one can beat that kind of stuff!


From Samuel Eliot Morison

Vol. II - History of United States Naval Operations in World War II (Operations in North African Waters)

源 https://www.galik.com/lci/lci14.htm

说起来，我唯一一次正经坐船是坐粤海铁路的火车轮渡，一万5、6的吨位还有减摇设施，又是在琼州海峡里航行，非常平稳。其他坐小渡船、快艇虽然颠得厉害但也不觉得难受，也许是时间太短。

mathewwu

巨炮万岁 发表于 2020-8-14 20:58
LCI实在是太小了，从战后使用看，LST战后尚且可以做近海客货轮，LCI只能做渡船和内河船。

只有300吨的LC ...

真是难以想象，一趟北大西洋少说十天半个月，南太平洋战区使用LCI一般也就两三天，难怪这段自夸要收进官方战史。