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一等兵
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发表于 2023-5-19 18:06
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本帖最后由 经典懒人 于 2023-5-19 18:14 编辑
今天正好看到一段RN那个时期发展史的内容,思路更清晰了,也和大家分享下。
(1)At the start of the 1700s, the standard small warship was a short, not particularly fast, two-decked vessel. The 1719 Royal Navy Establishment laid out two such types. There were fifth-rates, which carried 30 to 40 guns in full batteries on their two decks, generally 12-pounders on the lower deck and 6-pounders on the deck above. Below these were sixth-rates, the smallest rated warships, with 20 to 24 small 6-pounder guns, mostly carried on the upper deck. The lower deck was pierced with ports for a combination of additional guns and sweeps (long oars to be used if the wind failed).
要点:18世纪初的5-6级船是采用双层炮甲板的,5级船比较常规,lower deck是12磅炮,上面是6磅炮;6级船用6磅炮,主要装在upper deck,lower deck是桨孔和炮口混合(参见本帖上面的图),主要缺点就是下层火炮离水面太近,坏天气严重影响使用。
(2)The first true frigate was the Medée, built in Brest by the innovative constructor Blaise Ollivier in 1741. He retained the two-deck format of previous small warships but made the upper deck the main structural one. This meant it was strong enough to carry a more powerful armament—in this case, 26 8-pounders—high enough above the surface of the sea to operate in all weathers. The lower deck was given over to crew accommodation, so it no longer had any ports. This meant it could be moved down to the level of the waterline, reducing the amount of topside and markedly improving ship-handling. Weatherly, fast, and yet well armed, the Medée could outrun any ship she could not defeat and defeat any ship she could not outrun—a mantra that came to define the 18th-century frigate.
要点:法国人从1730年代开始造私掠舰,并在1741年建造了真正的frigate。还是2层甲板,但是lower deck全封闭,下降到水线附近;upper deck载炮,法国佬用了26门8磅炮(等于英国的9磅)。舰体高度下降,操作灵活,HIT and RUN的愉快生活开启。
注:RN好像同期也开始抄作业,第一艘true frigate是 Lyme (1748)号28炮舰,其中upper deck是24门9磅炮。
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