一战美国海军射控技术水平

HMSD

二战时候美国海军的射控技术都比较了解了，一战时期水平如何呢？是否是和英国人学习？多谢各位赐教。

akagizuo

老佛爷一战海军火力里对美国海军火控的评价如下
开战时候美国使用人工手绘的绘图板来决定变距率，不过1917年开始使用全新的ford的火控计算机，原理基本和英国pollen系统雷同（甚至是抄袭），在请教了开发者pollen后，预备了计算目前和预计未来位置的功能。同时尽管美国海军采用了精密的火控设备，但是由于水兵执行不利，实际火控效果远比英国海军大舰队差得多
Fire Control
At the outbreak of war US fire control was rate-based, using a hand plot to determine the range rate (US officers who saw the Dreyer Table in 1917 generally regarded it as no more than equivalent to their hand plot). Beginning in 1917, the navy introduced an entirely different mechanism, the Ford Rangekeeper, which seems largely to have been a pirated derivative of the Pollen Argo clock. It embodied, in effect, a mechanical model of the motions of target and shooter in order to calculate future range. After consultation with Anthony H Pollen himself in 1917, the rangekeeper was modified to give present and future bearing as well. The assumed enemy course and speed could be corrected by comparing the observed range and bearing with what the rangekeeper projected on the basis of its assumed enemy course and speed. This technique was radically different from any rate-based system, and it became standard after the war when navies replaced their earlier systems. In addition to the big-ship Rangekeeper Mk I, Ford (the Instrument Company, not the car company) produced a small-ship version which equipped US destroyers and was also used for secondary batteries. This Mk II (‘baby Ford’) made an enormous impression and was responsible for the post-war British decision to develop the Admiralty Fire Control Clock for destroyers and secondary batteries.

Despite the sophisticated systems the US Navy adopted, in 1917 it found to its profound surprise and shock that its gunnery was far inferior to that of the Grand Fleet. The conclusion was that the basic system designed by the US Navy was good, but that the execution was poor, and enormous effort went into fixing US wartime fire control. That included dealing with excessive patterns of the 12in and 14in guns of ships assigned to the Grand Fleet.

HMSD

多谢，结合美军舰炮散布似乎比较糟糕来看，是否可以推测美军的炮击效率……

mathewwu

HMSD 发表于 2015-7-14 14:27
多谢，结合美军舰炮散布似乎比较糟糕来看，是否可以推测美军的炮击效率…… ...

高级炮术极大的牵涉到概率，二战美海军还特别请国家级的统计研究团队来评定战舰火炮效率，至今未见文件流出。近年有人取得大米解密的BB打靶资料进行统计分析，也自承样本少难窥全貌 （见：
http://www.warships.com.cn/thread-6271-1-1.html
你要一战的确实效率数值就更难了。

HMSD

多谢指教。
我也不是想能得到特别准确的数据，但是一个大概的对比，比如与英国和德国的对比有吗

mathewwu

HMSD 发表于 2015-7-17 09:24
多谢指教。
我也不是想能得到特别准确的数据，但是一个大概的对比，比如与英国和德国的对比有吗 ...

有关日德兰主力舰只的战斗分析网上已多次讨论，资料多来自John Campbell的Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting ，有电子版。