Designation
(see Note 1) |
Twin HA/LA Mount - Mark XIX
Capital Ships: Barham
(4), Malaya (4), Warspite (4), Royal Sovereign class (4), Hood (7)
Monitors: Roberts class
(4)
Carriers: Furious (6),
Unicorn (4), Activity (1), Campania (2), Nairana (2), Vindex (2), Pretoria
Castle (2)
County Cruisers: Kent
class (4) except Suffolk (2) and Canberra (0), London class (4), Norfolk
class (4), Exeter (2)
Small Cruisers: Leander
class (4), Perth (4), Hobart (4), Arethusa class (4)
Town Cruisers: Southampton
class (4), Edinburgh class (6)
Colony Cruisers: Fiji
class (4), Ceylon class (4), Swiftsure class (4)
Old Cruisers: Danae
(1), Dragon (1? - see Note 1)
AA Cruisers: Cairo
(4), Calcutta (4), Carlisle (4), Curacoa (4), Caledon (3), Colombo (3)
Cruiser/Minelayers:
Abdiel class - First Group (3) as rearmed; Abdiel class - Second Group
(2) as built
Destroyers: "Tribals"
(1), "P" class Petard (2), "L" class Lance (4), Gurkha (4), Legion (4)
and Lively (4)
Destroyers: Canadian
"Tribals" Cayuga (4), Athabaskan (4)
Post-war Destroyers:
"Weapon" class (3)
Old Destroyers: Wallace
(2), some "V" class (2) and "W" class (2)
Escort Destroyers:
Hunt Type I (2), Hunt Type II (3), Hunt Type III (2), Hunt Type IV (3)
Frigates: "Bay" class
(2), Canadian "River" class (1), Late Australian "River" Class (2)
Sloops: Fleetwood (1),
Egret class (4), Black Swan class (3), Australian Parramatta (1)
AMC: Canton (2), Corfu
(2)
Sea-going Auxiliary AA ships:
Alynbank (4), Springbank (4), Foylebank (4), Palomares (3), Pozarica (4)
Sea-going Auxiliary AA ships:
Tynwald (3), Ulster Queen (3), Canadian Prince Robert (5)
LSH (L): Bulolo (2),
Lothian (2)
LSI (L): Glenearn (3),
Glengyle (3), Glenroy (3)
LSI (M): Prince David
(1), Prince Henry (1)
Submarine Depot Ships:
Bonaventure (1), Montclare (2), Wolfe (2)
Netlayers: Guardian
(1), Protector (1)
Polish Blyskawica (4)
Single HA/LA Mounts
Australian Parramatta (3)
Warrego (3), Bathurst class (1), Kanimbla (1): Mark XX
Early Australian "River"
class frigates (2): Mark XX
Loch Veyatie (1): Mark
XXIV |
| Notes:
1) Many older battleships and cruisers
traded their single
4" (10.2 cm) Mark V
guns for these twin mountings during the 1930s and early 1940s. HMS
Hood had four twin mountings added in 1937 and three more twin mountings
added in 1940, at which time all of her 5.5"
(14 cm) single mountings were removed. British "Tribal" class
destroyers had their "X" position
4.7" (12
cm) twin mounting replaced with one 4" (10.2 cm) twin mounting.
The first Abdiel group had their three 4.7"/45
(12.7 cm) Mark CPXIX twin mountings replaced by three 4" (10.2 cm)
twin mountings. The Hunt Type I destroyers were originally intended
to mount three twin mountings, but an error in stability calculations resulted
in the removal of "X" mounting. Petard was originally armed with
four 4" (10.2 cm) Mark V guns in single mountings, she was rearmed with
two 4" (10.2 cm) twin mountings during the war. The post-war "Weapon"
class destroyers had three twin mountings as completed, although one was
later removed in order to add Squid ASW.
"Naval Weapons of World War Two" says that the cruiser HMS Dragon carried
at least one Mark XIX mounting, but I can find no other reference that
supports this claim. HMS Belfast had two Mark XIX twin mountings
removed in 1944-45 as weight compensation for growth in other areas.
Palomares and Ulster Queen had their three Mark XIX twin mountings replaced
by three single 6" (15.2 cm) guns (type unknown) during the war.
The Polish destroyer Blyskawica had her 120
mm guns replaced in 1941 with these guns. In the 1950s, the British
guns were removed and she was then rearmed with Russian
100 mm guns.
2) The Mark XX single mounting was used
only on Australian ships. The Mark XXI gun in the Mark XXIV single
mounting was a late-war development intended for "Loch" class frigates
and "Castle" class corvettes but only Loch Veyatie, completed after the
war, actually carried this gun and mounting.
3) As built, all twin mountings were manually
operated. Some were fitted with RPC during the war, there being three
Metadyne types, RP 50, RP 51 and RP 52. All three had the elevating
and training motors on the mountings and drove the mounting through worm
gears. RP 50 and RP 52 had the Metadyne sets on the fixed structure
while RP 51 had them on the rotating mass. RP 50 had elevating and
training rates of 15 degrees per second while the others had elevating
and training rates of 20 degrees per second. RP 51 and RP 52 had
a joystick for local control.
4) The Edinburgh class cruisers had an
unusual design feature in that their 4" (10.2 cm) guns were positioned
well back from the secondary magazines, which were located under the flight
deck. To transport the ammunition from the magazine hoists back to
the guns, these ships were equipped with a 110 foot (33.5 m) conveyer system
which consisted of trolleys on a sort of railway, which "British Cruisers
of World War Two" describes as being "a complicated arrangement which in
action could easily be disrupted."
5) The gun axes were 21 in (53.3 cm) apart
on the Twin Mark XIX.
6) The Twin Mark XIX mounting had three
variations. The standard Mark XIX had a relatively short shield which
left the loaders exposed to shell fragments; the Mark XIX* which had an
extended shield and was used on ships with off-mount blast structures;
and the Mark XIX+ which did not have fuze setting machines.
7) The recoil distance given above is the
nominal figure. The absolute, metal-to-metal recoil distance was
16.5 in (42 cm). |
