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大口径主炮的优势在于危险界(danger space)
弗里德曼在naval firepower一书一开始就论述了这一点
“HOW GOOD MU ST FIRE CONTROL BE? Because its trajectory curves, a shell aimed at slightly too great a range will still
hit a target extending out of the water. The allowable error is the danger space. The flatter the
trajectory of the shell, the longer the danger space and thus the less precise fire control has to be. The
Royal Navy 1904 trials were based on 6in gunnery at about 4,500 yards (a danger space of 100
yards): required accuracy was fifty yards and the correction after spotting was one full danger space.
The longer the range of the gun, the steeper the trajectory, hence the shorter danger space. Danger
space depends on the height of the target: thirty feet for the Royal Navy in 1910 (ten feet in 1904), but
different for other navies and other times. Heavier guns had flatter trajectories reflected in longer
danger spaces, hence greater tolerance for error. This difference became more pronounced at the
longer ranges desired to avoid the torpedo threat. At 4,500 yards, the 12in/45 had a danger space of
130 feet (175 feet by 1910 rules), compared to 100 feet for the 6in. Effective hitting at longer ranges
thus became associated with the heaviest guns. Hence the all-big-gun ship.” |
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