日德兰纪念系列 - 火控炮术篇 - 第二章 - 射表与瞄准镜

第四弦

最近读到的一则材料：

ADM 138/247, Colossus Ships Cover

Folio 5 (21/11/1908).

G16918/08
From D.N.O.
Referenced to Controller.
As to obtaining designs of hydraulic gun mountings to admit of using projectiles of 58 inches in length.

D.N.C.
It is submitted that the hydraulic gun mounting for next year should be designed to admit of the use of a projectile of 58” in length. The advantages of this projectile over one of 49” 4 calibre head are given in the attached table.

It is submitted that the loading at any angle of elevation no longer possesses the advantages previously existing before the introduction of separate training and trainer and periscope sights. The long projectiles cannot be worked in turrets if the principle of loading at any angle of elevation is adhered to without excessive increase in weight of mounting.

A comparison of rounds fired at gun layers test by “Formidable” and “Irresistible” type of mounting is as follows:

No. of rounds fired at Gunlayers test in 2¾ minutes:
Average of 8 ships - fixed loading angle = 6.7.
Average of 5 ships - any angle = 8.1.
Best turret - fixed angle = 8.
Best turret - any angle = 8.5.
This shows that no appreciable difference in time of firing exists.

The trainers periscope sights with a field of 35˚ will ensure the object remaining in the field of the telescope even with the ship rolling and therefore laying after loading should be completed while the breech is being closed. In addition loading at fixed angle admits of greater elevation being obtained and a decrease in diameter of roller path and consequent saving of weight of turret.

It is therefore submitted that Messrs E.O.C., Vickers, and Coventry should be communicated with and designs obtained of mountings with fixed loading to admit of loading with the longer shell with a view to adopting a suitable design for next years’ mounting.
(Sd) R.H. Bacon D.N.O 21/11/08.


想请教一下，里面的这句

“It is submitted that the loading at any angle of elevation no longer possesses the advantages previously existing before the introduction of separate training and trainer and periscope sights”

该作何理解？为何引入独立俯仰瞄准与潜望式瞄准镜之后，任意角装填就不再有优势了？这与连续瞄准法有关吗？我注意报告时间是08年11月，似乎12吋炮此时并不能应用连续瞄准法。

以及后面这句：

“The trainers periscope sights with a field of 35˚ will ensure the object remaining in the field of the telescope even with the ship rolling and therefore laying after loading should be completed while the breech is being closed”

意思似乎是，因为trainer的视场增大了，而它是独立的，所以即便俯仰瞄准镜由于舰体横摇+固定角装填使目标脱离视野也没关系，目标仍然保持在旋回瞄准镜中，之后调整俯仰角就能让目标重新回到视场中。但这里的潜台词似乎是，在配备独立俯仰瞄准与潜望式瞄准镜之前，需要让目标一直处于瞄准镜的视场中，如果是这样，那么这个“让目标一直处于视场中”的动作几乎就是连续瞄准法了吧？12吋炮实现连续瞄准法的时间要更早一些吗？又或者这里叙述仍然是基于等待横摇法，那么它具体是如何操作的呢，与任意角装填的联系又在何处呢？

第四弦

seven_nana 发表于 2023-2-21 16:03
training是旋回

第一，我不理解为什么要强调独立的旋回瞄准镜。纳尔逊勋爵、无畏、以及其他12寸无畏，都 ...

非常感谢解答，看来只是单纯的视场问题

（我怎么把training当成俯仰了……尴尬……脑抽的莫名其妙……）

我也是看到原文特意说了separate才觉得费解，潜台词似乎是以前都是非独立，显然不太对劲。胡乱猜测一下的话，也许专指下一段提到的Formidable、Irresistible这种较老的前无畏舰？找了两张Irresistible在1905年的照片，炮塔顶部好像只有两个窗口：




另外这个议题似乎是反复出现的。我之前觉得跟连续瞄准法有关系，是因为读到罗伯茨在英国战巡里面写的这一段，先入为主了：



看来是没什么关联的两件事。